中非和平与安全合作

摘要：近年来，中国与非洲地区的经贸合作关系越来越密切，中国已成为该地区最重要的国际贸易伙伴和外资来源国，未来双方具有进一步扩大和深化经贸合作的空间。非洲安全局势喜忧参半；总体安全局势向好，冲突、战争等传统安全热点减少；但新型安全挑战不断涌现，非传统安全成为更严重的挑战。这种复杂的安全局势是内外因综合作用的结果，原因包括部族主义、资源诅咒、经济发展长期滞后和严重的粮食危机、国家治理能力不足、外部势力的干涉、全球化和技术进步的放大效应等。非洲国家内部的安全治理和外部势力对和平与安全事务的干涉均呈现明显的军事化特征。来自外部的军事化干涉加强了该地区国家对外部势力干涉的依赖，压制了本身安全治理能力的提升，形成了“冲突—外部势力干涉—外部势力撤出—冲突重现”的恶性循环。地区安全局势对国际经贸合作有明显影响。保护海外利益需要中国政府、企业和社会各界的共同努力。中国政府要在以往基础上继续强化与非洲地区的和平与安全合作，双方的合作要符合全球经济、政治安全格局的演进，符合中非关系升级的需要，符合该地区和平与安全性质的变化，符合中国参与国际事务理念和方式的转化。关键词：和平与安全；部族主义；资源诅咒；建设性介入；包容性发展Abstract：In recent years，the economic relations between China and African countries is increasingly frequent，and China has become the most important international trade partner and an important source of foreign investment for Africa.Therefore，there is room for both sides to further expand and deepen the economic and trade cooperation.The regional security situation in Africa has become a mixed story.On the one hand，it shows a generally positive trend and the regional conflicts，wars and other traditional security issues have declined.On the other hand，various new kinds of security challenges continuously emerge，and non-traditional security issues become the most serious ones.This complex security situation is the result from the joint effects of both internal and external factors，including tribalism，resource curse，long-term economic underdevelopment，severe food shortage，incompetent state governance，intervention of external forces，globalization，and the amplification effects of technological advance.Both security governance within African countries and external forces’intervention on regional peace and security affairs are manifestly characterized by militarization.The military intervention of external forces enhances the region’s dependence on external forces’intervention and suppressed their own capacity improvement of security governance，creating a vicious circle of“conflict-external intervention-withdrawal of external forces-recurrence of conflict”.Regional security situation exerts an evident influence on international economic and trade cooperation.The protection of overseas interests requires the joint efforts of Chinese government，enterprises and all sectors of the society to take corresponding measures.On the basis of previous endeavors，Chinese government should continue to strengthen cooperation with African countries on the peace and security affairs.The cooperation between the two sides should be in line with the evolution of global economic and political security pattern，satisfy the demand for the upgrading of ChinaAfrica relations，conform to the change of regional peace and security property，and accord with the shift of China’s participation mode in international affairs.Key words：peace and security，tribalism，resource curse，constructiveengagement，inclusive development

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