风险社会中人的发展研究

High uncertainty and risk constitute the basic facts of the modern society.One of the phenomenal features of modern society is the risky.As the matter of fact，the high risk society we are living in is not only changing the world's structure and developing mode，but also taking effects on individual's development，in this case，the risk society is unable to be ignored in the research of the development of human being.The risk society refers to a kind of global social characteristic that is full of inconsistency，uncertainty，coincidence and high liquid under the circumstance of the reflection on the risks caused by modernization.At the same time，it is the gradual appearance of the side effects of the industrial society，such as the environmental risk，the social risk and the individual risk.The risk society is tectonic and hypostatic as well； it is progressive，and full of crisis； it's not only the consequences of modernity，but also the reflection on modernity.On the basis of Marxist standpoints and methods，the risk society is the co－consequence of human practical and social substantial activities； it's also the impersonal aftereffects of the transition from local history to international history，and it has a very close relationship with the capital expansion.From the viewpoint of modernization，the risk society is caused by scientific uncertainty on the episteme dimension； and caused by the productive manners and systems of the industrial society on the practice dimension； and caused by the value conception of enlightening sense on the value dimension.What's more，the risk society connects closely with the attitude of modernization.The changes of human development hypostatic mode may inevitably accompany with the oncoming of the risk society.The firstmode is the uncertainty development mode.It means that in the risk society the development of an individual may have the nonlinear relation of“planting”and“harvesting”，“devotion”and“output”，which can be shown in the dissymmetrical of quantity of“devotion”and“output”，but also itmay cause the changes in quality.The second mode is reflexive development mode.Which means in the risk society an individual's development is always in the process of constant amendments about one's developmental concept.And one must develop by the aid of modern powers critically and facing the future，reverting to one's continuous development.The third one is individualization development mode.The realization and promotion of an individual's development depending on people and substance would rely more upon individuals rather than upon the collectivity.The ultimate goal of the development points at the ego development.At the same time，a new siege may come along The thesis of the dissertation is to discuss the three modes of an individual's development from the following angles of contingency and necessity，theory and practice，pessimism and optimism，the depended on people and on substance.The theory and practice of the risk society have been put the individual's development in a new time and space，thus the connotation and extension of the individual's development need be expanded.The expansion of the connotation should include the development of consciousness of risk，the ability of reflection，the ability of adjustment，and the development ethic etc.Schematization and Emancipatory Politics are the two concrete conditions of one's development.First，technology has been showing its devastation power day by day，and the proper character of technology is changing gradually and stealthily.Thus we should talk about the reality and idea of technology in the risk society.Second，the emancipatory production relation as the most fundamental social makes the society go along，but in the risk society，different production relations may co－exist for a long time，and they may face the same risk crisis.Under this condition，revolutionary politics is unable to realize or even improve man's development，comparing to the opportunity of free development，the more urgent problem is how to make a good life.Thus in the risk society the reliant conditions of one's development need to be reverted from primary scientification to reflexive scientification，from single politics to the combination of Emancipatory politics and Life Politics.If we puthuman free and full－scale developments into the risk society eyeshot，the further explanations and connotations are needed.Since the free development is an Existential Ontology concept，we need to take harmony as its existing form，and take advantage of Ecological subsistence to make free development.And human full－scale development is the stipulations of an agreement of a society's development.It's also the upgrading of an individual's diathesis and the self restriction when one endeavors to improve his human nature.Key words：Risk Society；Human Development；Risk；Modernization

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